Vim tias scandium nyuaj rau kev ua, nws siv tsis tau pom rau 100 xyoo txij li nws tshawb pom Nrog kev txhim kho ntawm cov txheej txheem sib cais ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj, muaj cov txheej txheem tsim nyog rau kev ua kom huv ntawm cov tshuaj scandium tom qab tau txais cov tshuaj dawb huv scandium, hloov mus rau hauv ScCl3, co yaj nws nrog KCl thiab LiCl, siv molten zinc li cathode rau electrolysis, yog li ntawd scandium yuav precipitate ntawm zinc electrode, thiab ces evaporate zinc kom tau hlau scandium.
Hauv 30 xyoo dhau los, scandium hlau tau ua tiav ntau yam kev siv hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws, thiab ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo.
Tam sim no, scandium hlau tau dav siv hauv laser (Gd3Sc2Ga3O12 laser khoom, GSGG, laser tshiab), hluav taws xob lub teeb (scandium sodium halide teeb), alloy (Al Sc alloy, Ga Sc alloy yog siv hauv aerospace, missile, tsheb, nkoj thiab lwm yam khoom siv; scandium neutron lim) thiab pej xeem (Ga Sc alloy cermet binder thiab cov khoom siv qib siab; ScB2 cov khoom siv hauv lub teeb kub resistant alloy, electron phom cathode qhov chaw, scandium roj teeb)
Scandium yog ib yam kab mob lithophile dispersed, tab sis nws tsis tshua muaj Nws qhov nruab nrab ntau nyob rau hauv lub crust yog 22-30ppm (ie 22-30g/t, hloov mus rau 35-48g/t scandium trioxide) , ntau dua Ag, Au, Pb, Sb, Mo, Hg, W thiab Bi, tab sis sib npaug rau B, Br, Sn, Ge thiab As
Hauv qhov xwm txheej, scandium tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm oxidation thiab txo qis, thiab nws nyuaj rau txo cov hlau. Nws muaj peev xwm tsis tshua tsim ib pab pawg tseem ceeb ntxiv (ore deposit), tab sis yog dav dispersed nyob rau hauv ntau yam pob zeb tsim minerals (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog magnesium thiab hlau silicate) thiab scandium bearing minerals.
There are more than 800 kinds of scandium minerals in the nature, but few minerals with scandium trioxide content>{{0}} 05 feem pua . Tam sim no, cov paub txog kev ywj pheej scandium minerals yog scandium yttrium ore ((Sc, Y) 2Si2O7, Sc2O3 cov ntsiab lus 33.8 feem pua - 42.3 feem pua), dej phosphorus scandium ore (ScPO4.2H2O, Sc2O3 cov ntsiab lus 39.22%), beryllium silicon scandium ore (Be3 (Sc, Al) 2Si6O18, Sc2O3 cov ntsiab lus 14.6 feem pua), zirconium scandium yttrium ore ((Sc, Zr) 2Si2O7) thiab titanium silicic acid tsis tshua muaj kub ore (Sc (Nb, Ti, Si) 2O5, yog 18.0 feem pua - 20.0 feem pua ), thiab muaj ob peb qhov chaw ore, Nws yog qhov tsawg
Scandium feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm isomorphism nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov xws li ilmenite, zircon, zircon, bauxite, tsawg ntiaj teb ore, titanopyroxene, vanadium titanium magnetite, tungsten ore, tin ore, uranium ore thiab thee Goldschmidt et al. ntseeg nyob rau xyoo 1930s tias Sc3 plus tau nplua nuj nyob rau hauv pob zeb thiab cov zaub mov, uas muaj feem xyuam nrog kev hloov pauv isomorphic, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov isomorphic hloov ntawm Sc3 ntxiv nrog Fe3 ntxiv, Mg2 ntxiv thiab Al3 ntxiv Tom qab, Ringwood ntxiv tias nws yog lub cim ntawm oxygen lossis hydroxyl uas muaj cov complexes, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov enrichment ntawm scandium nyob rau hauv crystalline pob zeb thiab greisens Qhov kev zoo sib xws ntawm scandium thiab nws coexisting ntsiab, xws li ionic radius, coordination tooj thiab electronegativity, txiav txim siab tias scandium tuaj yeem hloov isomorphic nrog ntau lwm ions.
Scandium cov ntsiab lus hauv ntau pob zeb, pyroxenite (muaj 200-300g / t Scandium trioxide) thiab gabbro yog qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv pob zeb magmatic (76g / t) Cov pob zeb metasomatic feem ntau yog granite pegmatite, tungsten tin bearing greisen, albitization pob zeb thiab mica pob zeb, thiab cov ntsiab lus scandium hauv bauxite thiab thee kuj yog siab heev. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv thee tshauv, cov ntsiab lus scandium trioxide tuaj yeem ncav cuag 40-600g/t
Scandium cov ntsiab lus ntawm ore raw (scandium trioxide, g / t) yog raws li nram no: bauxite 40-150; Phosphate pob zeb 10-25; tungsten ore 78-337; Vanadium titanium magnetite 13-40; Hlau niobium tsawg lub ntiaj teb ore 50; Tsawg manganese ore 181; Ion yam tsawg lub ntiaj teb ore 20-50; Scandium kuj muaj nyob rau hauv bastnaesite, tantalum niobium ore thiab uranium ore (raws li Lin Hecheng, 2010)
Scandium content in concentrate (scandium trioxide, g/t): wolframite>500; Ilmenite 60; Bauxite 95; Titanium tailing 77; Cassiterite 100 (raws li Lin Hecheng, 2010)
Cov ntsiab lus scandium ntawm raw khoom rau scandium extraction (scandium trioxide, g/t) yog 150-600 rau tungsten smelting slag; Aluminium smelting liab av nkos 40-150; Titanium tailing 77; Niam cawv ntawm titanium dawb hydrolysis 25-100; Chlorinated fume los ntawm siab titanium slag 736 (raws li Lin Hecheng, 2010)
Lub ntiaj teb no nplua nuj nyob rau hauv scandium cov peev txheej, nrog rau kev lag luam reserves ntawm 2 lab tons (nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm scandium hlau, cov txheeb cais tsis tiav). Tuam Tshoj kuj tseem nplua nuj nyob rau hauv scandium cov peev txheej, nrog rau kev lag luam reserves ntawm 650000 tons (raws li cov ntaub ntawv tsis tiav), suav txog 33 feem pua ntawm lub ntiaj teb tag nrho cov kev lag luam reserves.
