Scandium

A: Scandium muab lub zog hloov pauv yam tsis xav tau kev kho cua sov uas muaj teeb meem thiab kim heev. Tshwj xeeb, scandium ntxiv tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog tawm ntawm 5000 Series mus rau nruab nrab ntawm 300Mpa thiab 450Mpa, nyob ntawm qhov sib ntxiv, thaum tuav cov elongation (ductility) cov duab ntawm 12-15.

A: Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm aluminium-scandium master-alloy yog 2% scandium thiab qhov sib npaug yog 99.7% aluminium. Tus tswv alloy yog siv los ntxiv scandium rau Al-Mg-Zr uas muaj cov alloys, uas yog siv rau hauv daim ntawv thiab phaj. Cov nplooj ntawv thiab daim hlau no feem ntau yog siv los ntawm aircraft manufactures.

A: Elemental scandium yog suav tias yog tsis muaj tshuaj lom, thiab cov tsiaj me me ntawm cov tshuaj scandium tau ua tiav. Cov koob tshuaj ib nrab (LD50) rau scandium (III) chloride rau nas tau txiav txim siab tias yog 4 mg / kg rau intraperitoneal, thiab 755 mg / kg rau kev tswj qhov ncauj.

A: Kev siv loj ntawm scandium yog cov khoom siv ntxiv rau aluminium-raws li alloys rau kev ua kis las thiab hauv cov teeb pom kev zoo hlau halide.

A: Muaj ob txoj hauv kev uas scandium tuaj yeem muab rho tawm.

• Thawj txoj kev yog rho tawm nws li uranium zeb tailing's by-product.
• Qhov thib ob txoj kev uas scandium tuaj yeem npaj tau yog thaum molten scandium chlorides, lithium, thiab potassium yog electrolyzed siv electrodes ntawm molten zinc thiab tungsten hlau.

A: Lub caij Scandium muaj cov khoom loj heev thiab nws cov kev siv tau tham txog. Qee cov khoom muaj qhov txawv ntawm lwm cov ntsiab lus thiab nws txhais tau ntau lub hom phiaj thiab kev siv ntawm lub caij scandium. Kev tshawb fawb ntxiv tau mus rau hauv daim teb no rau kev tshawb pom cov yam ntxwv tsis ntev los no thiab kev siv ntawm scandium.

Ob peb yam tseem ceeb ntawm scandium yog qhov loj ntawm cov khoom no yog 44.96 u. Scandium belongs rau Pab Pawg 3, Lub Sij Hawm 4, thiab d-block ntawm lub sijhawm teem sijhawm. Lub atomic qauv ntawm scandium muaj 21 protons thiab 24 neutrons. Scandium kuj qhia cov khoom ntawm electronegativity raws li nws yog hlau. Scandium's electronegativity yog qhov siab, piv txwv li, 1.36.

Scandium feem ntau pom hauv ntiaj teb hauv +3 oxidation xeev. Lub caij scandium, thaum nyob rau hauv lub xeev oxidation, dais ib qho zoo ib yam li lwm yam hlau tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb. Vim nws qhov loj me me ionic vojvoog, qee tus cwj pwm thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm scandium tsis tshua muaj los ntawm lwm lub ntiaj teb. Rau tib lub laj thawj, lub caij scandium, hauv nws daim ntawv ionic, yog cov kua qaub uas muaj zog heev thiab tseem muaj kev nyiam ntau dua ntawm kev tsim cov complexions.

A: Scandium yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj, kuj yog cov hlau tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb. Nyob rau hauv 1871, Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleyev, ib tug Lavxias teb sab chemist, kwv yees lub hav zoov ntawm lub caij no. Tom qab ntawd nws tau pom tom qab los ntawm Lars Fredrik Nilson hauv 1879. Nws yog sawv cev los ntawm lub cim "S". Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm lub sij hawm, lub atomic tooj ntawm scandium yog 21. Lub atomic hnyav, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog 44.965 g / mol. Hauv ntiaj teb, scandium lossis "Sc" feem ntau pom hauv Scandanavia. Nws tshwm sim raws li feeb kom muaj nuj nqis nyob rau hauv ntau yam minerals pom nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Muaj ntau yam khoom zoo li kev siv lub caij scandium.

Scandium kuj yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom kim heev vim nws qhov tsis tshua muaj thiab kev tsim khoom tsawg. Tus nqi ntawm cov ntshiab scandium tuaj yeem kwv yees li $ 7000 / ib kg tshaj qhov siab tshaj qhov ntawd. Scandium muaj ntau cosmic abundance thiab. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog nees nkaum peb (23rd) feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv lub hnub.

Nws yog ib yam khoom uas suav tias yog tsis muaj tshuaj lom. Txawm hais tias, tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb ntau txog kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev nyab xeeb teeb meem nrog scandium. Scandium chloride yog ib qho tshuaj uas tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus. Yog li ntawd, qhov sib xyaw no thiab lwm cov tshuaj ntawm scandium yuav tsum tau saib xyuas zoo vim tias lawv tuaj yeem txiav txim siab rau cov tshuaj lom neeg tsawg.

A: Cov teebmeem ntawm scandium rau ib puag ncig:

Scandium yog pov tseg hauv ib puag ncig hauv ntau qhov chaw sib txawv, feem ntau yog los ntawm kev lag luam roj av. Nws tuaj yeem nkag mus rau ib puag ncig thaum cov khoom siv hauv tsev raug pov tseg. Scandium yuav maj mam sib sau nyob rau hauv cov av thiab dej av thiab qhov no nws thiaj li ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv tib neeg, tsiaj txhu thiab cov av.

Nrog dej tsiaj scandium ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cell membranes, uas muaj ntau yam tsis zoo cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub paj hlwb.

A: Cov teebmeem kev noj qab haus huv ntawm scandium:

Scandium tsis muaj lub luag haujlwm lom neeg. Tsuas yog cov lej nkag mus txog cov khoom noj, yog li qhov nruab nrab tus neeg noj txhua hnub tsawg dua 0.1 microgram.

Scadium tsis muaj tshuaj lom, txawm hais tias muaj cov lus qhia tias qee qhov ntawm nws cov tebchaw yuav ua rau mob qog noj ntshav.

Scandium feem ntau txaus ntshai nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm, vim qhov tseeb tias damps thiab gasses tuaj yeem nqus tau nrog huab cua. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau lub ntsws embolisms, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum raug mus ntev. Scandium tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau lub siab thaum nws khaws cia hauv tib neeg lub cev.

A: Scandium yog faib sparsely thiab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kab nyob rau hauv ntau yam minerals. Tsis tshua muaj cov zaub mov los ntawm Scandinavia thiab Madagascar xws li thortveitite, euxenite, thiab gadolinite tsuas yog paub cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom no. Thortveitite tuaj yeem muaj txog li 45% ntawm scandium hauv daim ntawv ntawm scandium oxide.

A: Scandium-44 yog ib qho kev cog lus kho mob isotope rau positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. PET tso cai rau cov kws kho mob ntsuas cov haujlwm ntawm cov hlwb hauv lub cev los pab txheeb xyuas cov qog nqaij hlav, kab mob plawv, thiab lwm yam mob. Scandium-44 tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov xov tooj cua tawg ntawm titanium-44. Vim tias nws lwj qeeb qeeb dua li scandium-44, tib batch ntawm titanium -44 tuaj yeem tsim cov scandium txaus-44 rau ntau xyoo ntawm PET scans. Qhov kev sib tw yog kom ntseeg tau cais scandium-44 los ntawm titanium-44 hauv tsev kho mob. Tam sim no cov kws tshawb fawb muaj cov tshuaj tshiab. Lawv siv cov organic molecule hu ua hydroxamate rau immobilize titanium -44 ntawm ib tug resin. Tom qab ntawd, lawv dhau cov kua tsim los tshem tawm tsuas yog cov scandium -44 los ntawm cov resin. Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem rov ua dua vim tias ntau dua scandium{10}} raug tsim tawm txhua hnub.

A: Scandium tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv ntau yam khoom noj xws li butternut, hazelnut, txiv maj phaub, thiab cashew txiv ntoo, uas ua rau scandium muaj peev xwm biomarker rau kev noj cov khoom noj no.

A: Los ntawm cov txheej txheem microalloying, scandium tuaj yeem pab ua kom lub zog thiab kev sib txuas ntawm aluminium airframe thaum tsim cov roj txuag tseem ceeb rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv dav hlau. Aluminium-scandium alloys muaj peev xwm txo qis cov nqi tsim khoom ncaj qha thiab ua kom muaj peev xwm tsim khoom thiab kho kom zoo.

A: Scandium yog siv nyob rau hauv txhuas-scandium alloys rau aerospace kev lag luam Cheebtsam thiab rau cov khoom ua si xws li tsheb kauj vab ncej, nuv ntses pas nrig, golf hlau shafts thiab baseball puav. Scandium iodide yog siv nyob rau hauv mercury vapor teeb, uas yog siv los replicate tshav ntuj nyob rau hauv studios rau cov yeeb yaj duab thiab TV kev lag luam.

A: Nov yog qee qhov kev nce qib yav tom ntej hauv scandium alloy:

● 3D luam ntawv

Sc-Al alloy hmoov tuaj yeem siv los ua 3D luam cov qauv hlau.

● Kev Tiv Thaiv

Scandium-aluminium alloys tuaj yeem hloov lub zog steel armor nyob rau hauv cov tub rog platforms thiab aerospace-qib titanium alloys hauv fighter dav hlau.

● Lub teeb yuag

Scandium alloys tuaj yeem txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsheb, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho kev lag luam roj.

● Khoom oxide roj hlwb

Scandium tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov khoom siv roj oxide rau kev siv hluav taws xob thiab kev lag luam.

A: Yog, scandium tuaj yeem ua alloyed nrog lwm cov hlau los tsim cov hlau nplaum scandium. Cov alloy feem ntau yog aluminium-scandium alloy, feem ntau hu ua "scandium-aluminium alloy" lossis tsuas yog "scandium alloy." Cov alloy no feem ntau muaj ib feem me me ntawm scandium, feem ntau nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 0.1% rau 0.5%. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm scandium rau txhuas tuaj yeem txhim kho qee yam khoom ntawm cov hlau.

A: Scandium tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov qauv thiab cov khoom ntawm aluminium alloys. Scandium tuaj yeem:

● Txhim kho lub zog

Scandium tuaj yeem ntxiv dag zog rau txhuas hauv peb txoj kev:

● Txhim kho weldability

Scandium tuaj yeem txo qhov kub tawg hauv welds thiab ua kom muaj zog hauv cov welds.

● Txhim kho corrosion kuj

Scandium tuaj yeem txhim kho lossis ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom siv ductility.

● Txhim kho tus cwj pwm qaug zog

Scandium tuaj yeem tsim superplastic alloys uas tuaj yeem tsim ntawm tus nqi siab txog 10- 2 s-1.

A: Yog, scandium alloys tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab. Lawv tuaj yeem ua ke nrog lwm cov hlau tsis muaj kuab paug rau cov kwj deg. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav yooj yim dua los cais lawv raws li tus nqi.