Teeb pom kev lag luam
Interestingly, kev siv scandium (raws li cov khoom siv tseem ceeb, tsis yog rau doping) yog tsom rau qhov ci ntsa iab, yog li nws tsis yog ntau dhau los hu nws Leej Tub ntawm Lub Teeb.
Thawj riam phom khawv koob ntawm scandium yog hu ua scandium sodium teeb, uas tuaj yeem siv los coj teeb rau ntau txhiab tsev neeg. Qhov no yog hlau halide hluav taws xob lub teeb qhov chaw: lub teeb yog ntim nrog sodium iodide thiab scandium iodide, thiab scandium thiab sodium foil ntxiv rau tib lub sijhawm. Thaum lub sij hawm high-voltage tawm, scandium ions thiab sodium ions feem emit lub teeb ntawm lawv cov yam ntxwv emission wavelengths. Cov kab spectral ntawm sodium yog 589. Vim tias lawv sib xyaw ua ke, tag nrho lub teeb xim tsim tawm yog lub teeb dawb. Nws yog qhov tseeb vim tias scandium sodium teeb muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab luminous, lub teeb xim zoo, lub zog txuag, lub neej ntev kev pab cuam thiab muaj zog pos huab tawg muaj peev xwm uas nws tuaj yeem siv dav hauv TV lub koob yees duab thiab square, chaw ntau pob thiab txoj kev teeb pom kev zoo, thiab hu ua peb tiam lub teeb ci. Hauv Suav teb, lub teeb zoo li no tau maj mam nce raws li cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, thaum nyob hauv qee lub tebchaws tsim kho, lub teeb zoo li no tau siv dav thaum ntxov li xyoo 1980s.
Qhov thib ob khawv koob riam phom ntawm scandium yog lub hnub ci photovoltaic hlwb, uas tuaj yeem sau lub teeb tawg rau hauv av thiab tig mus rau hauv hluav taws xob los txhawb tib neeg lub neej. Scandium yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws barrier hlau hauv hlau insulator semiconductor silicon photocells thiab hnub ci hlwb.
Nws qhov riam phom khawv koob thib peb yog hu ua Ray qhov chaw, qhov riam phom khawv koob no tuaj yeem ci ntsa iab ntawm nws tus kheej, tab sis lub teeb zoo li no tsis tuaj yeem txais los ntawm qhov muag liab qab, nws yog lub zog photon txaus. Peb feem ntau rho tawm 45Sc los ntawm cov zaub mov, uas yog tib lub ntuj isotope ntawm scandium. Txhua 45Sc nucleus muaj 21 protons thiab 24 neutrons. Yog tias peb muab scandium rau hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob nuclear zoo li peb muab cov liab tso rau hauv qhov cub alchemy ntawm tus Tswv Lao Tzu rau xya caum-tsib plaub caug cuaj hnub thiab cia lawv nqus cov hluav taws xob neutron, 46Sc ntawm ib qho ntxiv neutron nyob rau hauv lub atomic nucleus yuav yug los. 46Sc, ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom hluav taws xob lossis cov atoms tracer kuj siv tau rau kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav malignant. Kuj tseem muaj cov ntawv thov xws li yttrium gallium scandium garnet laser, scandium fluoride iav infrared optical fiber, thiab scandium coated cathode ray raj hauv TV. Nws zoo nkaus li tias scandium tau yug los nrog lub teeb.
Kev lag luam alloy
Scandium hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom yooj yim tau siv dav hauv doping ntawm aluminium alloys. Ntev npaum li ob peb txhiab tus scandium ntxiv rau txhuas, Al3Sc theem tshiab yuav raug tsim, uas yuav ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev hloov kho aluminium alloy thiab ua rau cov qauv thiab cov khoom ntawm cov hlau hloov pauv loj heev. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm 0.2 feem pua ~0.4 feem pua Sc (uas yog tib yam li qhov feem ntawm cov zaub mov hauv tsev ntsev, me ntsis) tuaj yeem ua kom qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov hlau los ntawm 150 ~ 200 degree, thiab txhim kho qhov kub thiab txias zog, txhim khu kev qha, vuam kev ua tau zoo thiab corrosion kuj, thiab tuaj yeem zam qhov tshwm sim embrittlement uas yooj yim tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Lub zog siab thiab siab tawv aluminium alloy, tshiab muaj zog corrosion-resistant weldable aluminium alloy, tshiab high-temperature aluminium alloy, high-strength neutron irradiation resistant aluminium alloy, thiab lwm yam, muaj kev txaus nyiam kev loj hlob zeem muag hauv aerospace, aviation, nkoj, nuclear reactors, tsheb teeb thiab tsheb ciav hlau ceev.
Scandium kuj yog ib qho zoo heev hloov kho ntawm hlau. Ib qho me me ntawm Scandium tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog thiab hardness ntawm cam khwb cia hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd, scandium kuj tseem siv tau los ua ib qho ntxiv rau qhov kub thiab txias tungsten thiab chromium alloys. Ntawm chav kawm, ntxiv rau ua tshoob hnav rau lwm tus, vim tias scandium muaj qhov tseeb ntawm txhuas lub teeb alloy xws li scandium titanium thiab scandium magnesium alloy. Tab sis vim yog tus nqi siab, nws feem ntau tsuas yog siv hauv high-end manufacturing industries xws li chaw shuttles thiab foob pob ua ntxaij.
cov khoom siv ceramic
Scandium, ib yam khoom yooj yim, feem ntau yog siv hauv cov hlau, thiab scandium oxides ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov ntaub ntawv ceramic. Piv txwv li, tetragonal zirconia ceramic cov ntaub ntawv, uas tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau cov khoom siv roj oxide, muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb heev. Cov conductivity ntawm no electrolyte yuav nce nrog qhov nce ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab oxygen concentration nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig. Txawm li cas los xij, cov qauv siv lead ua ntawm cov khoom siv ceramic no nws tus kheej tsis tuaj yeem nyob ruaj khov thiab tsis muaj nqi lag luam; Yuav kom tswj tau cov khoom qub, qee cov ntaub ntawv uas tuaj yeem kho cov qauv no yuav tsum tau doped rau hauv nws. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm 6 ~ 10 feem pua scandium oxide zoo li lub pob zeb ua qauv, yog li ntawd zirconia tuaj yeem ruaj khov rau ntawm lub pas nrig square.
Kuj tseem muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ceramic zoo li silicon nitride nrog lub zog siab thiab kub ua haujlwm ua densifier thiab stabilizer.
Scandium oxide, raws li lub densifier, tuaj yeem tsim cov theem refractory Sc2Si2O7 ntawm ntug ntawm cov khoom zoo, yog li txo qhov kub thiab txias deformation ntawm engineering ceramics. Piv nrog rau lwm cov oxides, Scandium oxide tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kub-kub txhua yam ntawm silicon nitride.
Catalytic chemistry
Hauv chemical engineering, scandium feem ntau yog siv los ua catalyst. Sc2O3 tuaj yeem siv rau lub cev qhuav dej thiab deoxidation ntawm ethanol lossis isopropanol, decomposition ntawm acetic acid, thiab tsim cov ethylene los ntawm CO thiab H2. Pt Al catalyst muaj Sc2O3 yog ib qho tseem ceeb catalyst rau hnyav roj purification thiab refining txheej txheem nyob rau hauv petrochemical kev lag luam. Hauv catalytic cracking ntawm cumene, piv txwv li, kev ua ntawm Sc-Y zeolite catalyst yog 1000 npaug ntau dua li ntawm aluminium silicate catalyst; Piv nrog rau qee cov tshuaj catalysts, txoj kev loj hlob zeem muag ntawm scandium catalyst yuav ci heev.
Nuclear zog kev lag luam
Ntxiv ib qho me me ntawm Sc2O3 rau UO2 hauv cov roj nuclear ntawm qhov kub thiab txias reactor tuaj yeem zam kev hloov pauv ntawm lattice, ntim nce thiab tawg vim hloov pauv ntawm UO2 rau U3O8.
roj cell
Ib yam li ntawd, ntxiv 2.5 feem pua ~ 25 feem pua scandium rau hauv cov nickel alkali roj teeb yuav ua rau kom lub neej kev pab.
Kev ua liaj ua teb
Hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, cov noob ntawm pob kws, beet, taum pauv, nplej, paj noob hlis thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem kho nrog scandium sulfate (feem ntau yog 10-3} ~ 10-8mol / L, cov nroj tsuag sib txawv yuav txawv), thiab cov txiaj ntsig tiag tiag ntawm kev txhawb nqa germination tau ua tiav. Tom qab 8 teev, qhov hnyav qhuav ntawm cov hauv paus hniav thiab buds tau nce los ntawm 37 feem pua thiab 78 feem pua piv rau cov yub, tab sis cov txheej txheem tseem tab tom kawm.
